Genetic algorithm is a heuristic search algorithm based on the mechanism of biological evolution. On the evolution of biological diversity is the variation among individual organisms of the chromosome. Variations of this chromosome will affect the rate of reproduction and level of ability of organisms to stay alive.
In these algorithms, search techniques performed well on a number of possible solutions are known as populations. Individuals who present in a population referred to as chromosomes. This chromosome is a solution that was shaped symbol. Initial population is built randomly, while the next population is the result of the evolution of chromosomes through the iterations are referred to as generations. In each generation, chromosomes are going through the evaluation process by using a measuring instrument called a fitness function. The fitness of a chromosome will show the quality of the chromosomes in the population. The next generation is known as a child (offspring) formed from the combination of two chromosomes present generation that acts as a parent (the parent) by crossing operator (crossover). In addition to crossing operators, a chromosome can also be modified by using mutation operators. Population new generation is formed by selecting the fitness of the parent chromosome (parent) and child fitness values of chromosomes (offspring), and reject the other chromosomes so that the population size (number of chromosomes in a population) constant. After going through several generations, then the algorithm will converge to the best chromosome.
Let P (generation) is a population of one generation, then in a simple genetic algorithm consists of the steps:
1). Generation = 0 (early generations).
2). Initialize the initial population, P (generation), at random.
3). Evaluate the fitness value of each individual in P (generation).
4). Do the following steps to achieve maximum generation of generation :
a. generation = generation +1 (plus generation).
b. Selection of this population to get the candidate parent, P ‘(generation).
c. Perform crossover on P ‘(generation).
d. Do mutations in the P ‘(generation), these mutations are optional.
e. Evaluate fitness of each individual in P ‘(generation).
f. Form a new population: P (generation) = {P (generation-1) which survive, P ‘(generation)}
Manufacturing industry is one type of industry that plays an important role for the world. Almost all developed countries embraced industrialization, particularly manufacturing. Manufacturing industry has always been progressing from time to time. Each era has distinctive features of each in accordance with the development of human civilization. The development of manufacturing industry, can be classified based on the 3 (three) era, namely :
1. 1910 – 1980 = era of mass production
2. 1980 – 2000 = era of quality management
3. 2000 – fore = era of e-Manufacturing
Slogan of e-manufacturing that developed at this time have necessitated the industry (manufacturing and services) being responsive to the needs of consumers, therefore be expected there is a form of systems that make information processing cycle becomes very sensitive to the dynamics that occur in society to anticipate any changes that occur, or even predict what the likely will happen.
Cycle of information processing at a manufacturing company
SERVQUAL concept widely used in measuring the quality of service. Dimensions of service, has been determined by iterative improvement based on improvements that have been studied previously and adaptations made directly to a specific industry. SERVQUAL concept, consisting of the five dimensions, as follows :
1. Tangibles, include the physical facilities such as warehouse and front office space, availability of parking, tidiness and comfort of the room, completeness of equipment, and employee performance.
2. Reliability, namely the ability to perform in accordance with the promised service accurately and reliably.
3. Responsiveness, ie the response or the alertness of employees in helping customers and providing prompt and responsive services, which include: the alertness of employees in handling transactions, and handling customer complaints.
4. Assurance, including the ability of employees: knowledge of the exact product, hospitality, attention and courtesy in providing services, skilled in providing information, the ability to provide security in the use of services offered, ability to instill confidence in customers to the company.
5. Empathy, the individual attention given to the customers like the ease of contacting the company, the employee’s ability to communicate with customers, and business enterprises to understand the wants and needs of its customers.
SERVQUAL concept is used to calculate the gap between the value of consumer perceptions of service they receive is reduced by the expected value or the value of consumers’ expectations of service they receive, in this case is written by using the equation:
Q = P (Perceived Service) – E (Expected Service)
On the basis of the applications that have been published widely in various journals and books, SERVQUAL advantages can be summarized as follows :
1. Provide a view of the service user about the services, for example: the relative importance of customers, expectations, and satisfaction.
2. Can become a reference for corporate management services to consider the perceptions between management and customer service companies.
3. The concept of addressing SERVQUAL service gap can be used as a basis for formulating strategies and tactics in order to ensure the fulfillment of customer expectations.
4. SERVQUAL can identify specific areas of strengths and weaknesses at a service company. So it can be prioritized areas of service weakness.
5. The concept of SERVQUAL provides a comparative analysis (benchmarking) to an industry organization that has the same characteristics.
6. SERVQUAL can track trends or trend of the relative importance of customers, expectations, and perceptions, if applied on a regular period.
